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| Image generated for me by MS CoPilot AI |
Here's a timeline I've been working on, primarily with MS CoPilot (AI). The data is mine and biblically based but CoPilot (as well as ChatGPT, and Grok) helped me to compile it all. Here's to hoping for His soon appearing, which I'm hoping will be this year, if not then I'll need to try to work out a 33 AD timeline (right now it's 32 AD for the crucifixion, etc). This is a VERY LENGTHY article but also very in-depth based on my findings. Enjoy ;o}
⭐ 3 BC — The Star / Triple Conjunction
Astronomical Events:
• September 14, 3 BC — Jupiter–Regulus conjunction #1
• February 17, 2 BC — Conjunction #2
• May 8, 2 BC — Conjunction #3
Symbolic Components: Jupiter (king planet / wandering star), Regulus (king star in Leo), Leo (king constellation / tribe of Judah)
Scripture: Matthew 2:1–2 KJV, Matthew 2:16 KJV
Reasoning: The Magi interpret the Jupiter–Regulus activity as a royal birth sign. Herod’s “two years” is measured from the first appearance in 3 BC to the 1 BC birth, not to Jesus’ age.
⭐ 1 BC — Birth of Jesus
Gregorian: Sunday, December 24, 1 BC
Jewish: 10 Tevet, 3761 AM (Asara B’Tevet)
MY AM Year: 3981
Weekday: Sunday
Scripture: Luke 2:1–7 KJV
Visit of the Magi / Herod’s Inquiry / Massacre (Late 1 BC):
The Magi arrive in late 1 BC, following the Jupiter–Regulus sign that began in 3 BC. Jesus is a newborn.
The Greek term paidion: includes a newborn or very young infant; it does not require a toddler. The family is now in a house, not a manger, indicating they moved from temporary lodging into a more stable dwelling, yet still within the newborn window.
Herod’s “two years”: is based on the time the star first appeared—the first Jupiter–Regulus conjunction in Leo on September 14, 3 BC—not on Jesus’ age. Herod orders the slaughter of children two years old and under to cover the entire interval from that first astronomical sign in 3 BC to the recent birth in 1 BC.
Scripture: Matthew 2:1–2 KJV, Matthew 2:7–12 KJV, Matthew 2:13–18 KJV
Note: Asara B’Tevet (10th of Tevet) is a minor fast day in Judaism commemorating the siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylonia. It is also prophetically significant because Jesus later prophesied the destruction of the Temple and Jerusalem (Luke 19:44 KJV).
⭐ 1 AD — Flight Into Egypt → Death of Herod → Return
Timing: Early 1 AD
Scripture: Matthew 2:13–23 KJV
Flight Into Egypt: After the Magi depart, Joseph is warned in a dream that Herod intends to kill the Child. When he arose—meaning when he got up from sleep the next morning—he took Mary and the newborn Jesus and departed for Egypt.
Duration in Egypt: The family remains in Egypt until the death of Herod. This stay is short—likely no more than about three months—because Herod dies in early 1 AD.
Death of Herod: Herod dies in 1 AD, not 4 BC. The 1 AD date aligns with the full sequence of events Josephus records, which cannot fit into the 4 BC model. Josephus describes: the golden eagle incident, the arrest and trial of the rabbis, Herod’s worsening illness, his journey to the hot springs at Callirrhoe, his attempted suicide, the execution of his son Antipater, the rewriting of his will, the public mourning, and the elaborate funeral procession. This requires weeks to months, not the 29 days between the 4 BC eclipse and Passover.
Eclipse Comparison:
• 4 BC eclipse: March 13, 4 BC — a partial, late‑night, barely visible event with only 29 days until Passover.
• 1 AD eclipse: January 10, 1 AD — a dramatic, full blood‑moon, widely visible lunar eclipse, occurring earlier in the night, with about 75 days until Passover (Passover Eve fell on March 26, 1 AD — 14 Nisan, 3761).
Note: The 1 AD eclipse provides the necessary time for all the events Josephus describes, while the 4 BC eclipse does not.
Return to Israel: After Herod’s death, Joseph receives another dream instructing him to return. Learning that Archelaus (Herod’s successor son) is ruling Judea, he avoids Bethlehem and instead settles in Nazareth, fulfilling the prophetic expectation that Jesus would be called a Nazarene.
Reasoning: The sequence—the Magi’s visit, the Holy Family’s flight into Egypt, Herod’s death, and the family’s return to Israel—fits tightly within the late 1 BC to early 1 AD window. This preserves Jesus’ newborn status, and by Passover of 1 AD He would have been about three months old (Dec 24, 1 BC to Mar 26, 1 AD). It also aligns with Herod’s “two years” calculation from the 3 BC first conjunction (see above), and matches both Scripture and historical markers.
See Special Notes #1.
⭐ 12 AD — Jesus at the Temple (Age 12, in His 13th Year)
Timing: Passover 12 AD
Scripture: Luke 2:41–52 KJV
Passover in Jerusalem: Joseph and Mary travel to Jerusalem each year for Passover. In 12 AD, Jesus accompanies them at 12 years old, having completed His twelfth year the previous December and now being in His thirteenth year.
Passover Date: Passover Eve (14 Nisan) in 12 AD corresponds to Monday, April 4, 12 AD (Gregorian) — 14 Nisan, 3771 AM on the Jewish calendar.
Jesus in the Temple: After the feast, Joseph and Mary begin the journey home, assuming Jesus is among the traveling group. After a day’s travel, they realize He is missing and return to Jerusalem. After three days, they find Him in the Temple, sitting among the teachers, listening and asking questions. His understanding and answers astonish all who hear Him.
Legal Standing: Because Jesus had entered His thirteenth year, He was regarded under Jewish custom as accountable and permitted to engage in adult‑level Torah discussion.
Submission to His Parents: When Mary expresses their distress, Jesus replies that He must be about His Father’s business. Yet He returns with them to Nazareth and remains subject to them, demonstrating both His divine identity and His obedience within the family.
Reasoning: Born in late 1 BC, Jesus is age 12, in His thirteenth year by Passover 12 AD. The calendar alignment, age reckoning, and Luke’s narrative all support this placement.
See Special Notes #2.
⭐ 28 AD — The Baptism of Jesus by John
Timing: Fall 28 AD
Scripture: Matthew 3:1–17 KJV, Mark 1:1–11 KJV, Luke 3:1–23 KJV
Historical Anchor: Luke dates the beginning of John the Baptist’s ministry to the 15th year of Tiberius Caesar (Luke 3:1 KJV). Counting from Tiberius’ co‑regency with Augustus in 13 AD places this in 28 AD, aligning with both Roman chronology and the prophetic timeline.
John’s Ministry: John preaches repentance in the wilderness of Judea, preparing the way for the Messiah. Crowds come from Jerusalem, Judea, and the Jordan region to be baptized.
Jesus’ Arrival: Jesus comes from Galilee to the Jordan to be baptized by John. John initially resists, recognizing Jesus’ sinlessness, but Jesus insists to “fulfill all righteousness.” This baptism reflects the Jewish mikveh tradition, including the bridegroom’s ritual immersion before entering covenant.
The Baptism Event: As Jesus comes up out of the water, the heavens open, the Spirit descends upon Him like a dove, and a voice from Heaven declares, “This is My beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased.” This moment also anticipates His Bridegroom role, later taught through His wedding parables (Matthew 22:1–14 KJV; Matthew 25:1–13 KJV; Luke 12:35–36 KJV; Luke 14:15–24 KJV).
Wilderness Temptation: Immediately after His baptism, Jesus is led into the wilderness for forty days of fasting. During this period He is tempted by the devil.
Beginning of Ministry: This baptism marks His anointing, but His public ministry begins at Passover 29 AD, following the wedding at Cana and His first cleansing of the Temple.
Historical Note: Some Jewish historical timelines record a Sanhedrin transition around this period, which may relate to the early impact of Jesus’ ministry.
Reasoning: The 28 AD date harmonizes Luke’s political markers, Jesus’ age (Luke 3:23 KJV), and the prophetic countdown leading to the 32 AD crucifixion. It is the only year that satisfies all scriptural and historical constraints.
See Special Notes #3.
⭐ 29 AD — Beginning of Jesus’ Public Ministry (Age 29, entering His 30th year)
Timing: Passover 29 AD
Scripture: John 1:29–51 KJV, John 2:1–25 KJV
Age Alignment: Jesus was born in late 1 BC. By Passover 29 AD, He is age 29, having entered into His 30th year according to Jewish inclusive age‑reckoning.
Calling of the First Disciples: After returning from the wilderness temptation, Jesus is identified by John the Baptist as “the Lamb of God.” Andrew, John, Peter, Philip, and Nathanael become His earliest disciples (John 1:35–51 KJV).
Wedding at Cana: Shortly before Passover, noting that this was "before" His time, Jesus performs His first miracle at the wedding in Cana, turning water into wine (John 2:1–11 KJV). This event reveals His glory and confirms His identity to His disciples.
First Passover of His Ministry: Jesus travels to Jerusalem for Passover. He performs miracles, gains early followers, and confronts corruption in the Temple, driving out the money changers (John 2:13–17 KJV). This is the first of two Temple cleansings, the second occurring in 32 AD.
Forty‑Six Years of the Temple: The Jews tell Jesus, “Forty and six years was this temple in building” (John 2:20 KJV).
Note: Counting from Herod’s reconstruction beginning in 19 BC (Chabad's timeline), the 46th year lands precisely in 28 AD, confirming the chronology - however, the Jewish year reckoning did include a "year zero" therefore bringing the actual year from 28 AD to 29 AD. ex: 19 BC + 28 AD = 47 years - 1 (no year zero) actually equals 46 years ... but since they did include a zero year in their count that brings us from 28 AD to 29 AD as being the 46 years had passed - the math is wonky but I believe that's how it works out, even so, we differ by just one BC/AD year and not the 46 years of scripture's account.
Reasoning: This year marks the official beginning of Jesus’ public ministry:
– He is age 29, entering His 30th year.
– It is the first of the four Passovers of His ministry (29–32 AD).
– The Temple‑construction statement anchors the year historically.
– The sequence from baptism (Fall 28 AD) → wilderness → Cana → Passover aligns perfectly.
⭐ 29–32 AD — The Four Passovers of Jesus’ Ministry (Overview)
Scripture: Gospel of John (KJV), harmonized with the Synoptics
Passover 1 — 29 AD (John 2:13–23 KJV)
Jesus begins His public ministry at Passover 29 AD after the wedding at Cana.
He cleanses the Temple for the first time, performs miracles, speaks with Nicodemus, and conducts a Judean ministry overlapping with John the Baptist until John’s imprisonment.
This Passover is historically anchored by the “forty and six years” statement regarding Herod’s Temple.
Passover 2 — 30 AD (John 5:1–47 KJV)
Jesus returns to Jerusalem for “a feast of the Jews,” identified as Passover.
He heals the man at the Pool of Bethesda and delivers major teachings on His authority, judgment, and relationship with the Father.
This marks the second Passover of His ministry and maintains the annual rhythm leading to 32 AD.
Passover 3 — 31 AD (John 6:1–59 KJV)
Shortly before Passover, Jesus feeds the five thousand and walks on water.
The crowds attempt to make Him king by force.
In the synagogue at Capernaum, He delivers the Bread of Life discourse, revealing Himself as the true manna from Heaven.
This is the third Passover of His ministry.
Passover 4 — 32 AD (John 12–19 KJV)
Jesus enters Jerusalem riding on a donkey, fulfilling prophecy.
He cleanses the Temple a second time, teaches on the Sabbaths, confronts the religious leaders, and institutes the Lord’s Supper.
He is crucified on *Wednesday, Nisan 14, the Passover day, fulfilling the typology of the Lamb of God.
He rises on the first day of the week after three days and three nights in the tomb.
This is the fourth and final Passover of His earthly ministry.
* More on 32 AD and how the dates/days of the week are likely incorrect will be addressed later.
Reasoning: The Gospel of John explicitly records four Passovers, forming the backbone of Jesus’ ministry chronology. These four annual feasts—29 AD, 30 AD, 31 AD, and 32 AD—perfectly align with:
– His baptism in Fall 28 AD
– His age (born late 1 BC → age 29 at Passover 29 AD)
– The Temple‑construction statement (46 years)
– The Wednesday crucifixion in 32 AD (not Monday)
– The prophetic and historical markers throughout the Gospels
– Luke 13:6-9 KJV - three years Jesus comes seeking fruit on the fig tree (Israel), in the fourth year if still no fruit He said to cut it down and that mirrors Leviticus 19:23–25 KJV.
See Special Notes #4.*
⭐ 30 AD — Second Passover of Jesus’ Ministry
Scripture: John 5:1–47 KJV
Timing: Passover 30 AD
Age: Jesus is age 30, entering His 31st year (born late 1 BC)
Overview: Jesus returns to Jerusalem for “a feast of the Jews,” identified as Passover based on the annual sequence in John. This is the second Passover of His public ministry.
Key Events ...
Healing at the Pool of Bethesda: Jesus heals a man who had been infirm for thirty‑eight years (John 5:5–9 KJV).
Controversy Over the Sabbath: The healing occurs on the Sabbath, provoking conflict with the Jewish leaders (John 5:9–16 KJV).
Authority of the Son: Jesus delivers a major discourse on His divine authority, judgment, resurrection power, and unity with the Father (John 5:17–30 KJV).
Witnesses to Christ: Jesus cites the testimonies of John the Baptist, His works, the Father, and the Scriptures themselves (John 5:31–47 KJV).
Chronological Significance ...
> This Passover maintains the annual rhythm of the four Passovers recorded in John (29, 30, 31, 32 AD).
> It fits the timeline anchored by:
– His baptism in Fall 28 AD
– The first Passover in 29 AD
– The third Passover in 31 AD (John 6 KJV)
– The final Passover in 32 AD (John 12–19 KJV)
> The events of John 5 KJV occur between the first and third Passovers, confirming the 30 AD placement.
⭐ 31 AD — Third Passover of Jesus’ Ministry
Scripture: John 6:1–71 KJV
Timing: Passover 31 AD
Age: Jesus is age 31, entering His 32nd year (born late 1 BC)
Overview: Shortly before Passover 31 AD, Jesus performs two major miracles: the feeding of the five thousand and walking on the sea. These events set the stage for His Bread of Life discourse in the synagogue at Capernaum. This is the third Passover of His public ministry.
Key Events ...
Feeding of the Five Thousand: Jesus multiplies five barley loaves and two small fishes to feed a vast crowd (John 6:1–14 KJV).
Attempt to Make Him King: The people seek to take Him by force to make Him king, but He withdraws to a mountain alone (John 6:15 KJV).
Walking on the Sea: Jesus walks on the water to His disciples during a storm on the Sea of Galilee (John 6:16–21 KJV).
Bread of Life Discourse: In the synagogue at Capernaum, Jesus teaches that He is the true bread from heaven, provoking controversy (John 6:53 KJV) and causing many disciples to turn back (John 6:22–71 KJV).
Chronological Significance ...
> This Passover is explicitly identified in John 6:4 KJV, marking the third annual Passover of Jesus’ ministry.
> It maintains the yearly sequence:
– 29 AD (John 2 KJV)
– 30 AD (John 5 KJV)
– 31 AD (John 6 KJV)
– 32 AD (John 12–19 KJV)
> The events of John 6 KJV occur shortly before Passover, confirming the 31 AD placement and preserving the four‑Passover structure leading to the crucifixion in 32 AD.
⭐ 32 AD — Fourth Passover and the Crucifixion of Jesus
Scripture: John 12–19 KJV
Timing: Passover 32 AD
Age: Jesus is age 32, entering His 33rd year (born late 1 BC)
Overview: Jesus enters Jerusalem shortly before Passover 32 AD, fulfilling prophecy and presenting Himself as Israel’s King. This is the fourth and final Passover of His earthly ministry.
Key Events ...
Triumphal Entry: Jesus rides into Jerusalem on a young donkey, on Nisan 10, fulfilling Zechariah 9:9 KJV (John 12:12–15 KJV).
Second Temple Cleansing: Jesus drives out the money changers and merchants, restoring the sanctity of the Temple (John 12 KJV; Synoptics).
Final Teachings: Jesus delivers major teachings on judgment, His impending death, and the necessity of believing in the light (John 12:23–36 KJV).
Last Supper: Jesus eats the Passover with His disciples (aka: the Lord’s Supper), and gives the Upper Room discourse (John 13–17 KJV).
Betrayal and Arrest: Judas betrays Jesus in Gethsemane; Jesus is arrested and taken to trial (John 18 KJV).
Crucifixion: Jesus is crucified on *Wednesday, Nisan 14, the Passover day, fulfilling the typology of the Lamb of God (John 19 KJV).
Burial and Resurrection: Jesus is buried before sundown and rises on the first day of the week after three days and three nights in the tomb, after His resurrection, "the many" are also resurrected (Matthew 27:50-54 KJV).
Ascension: Jesus ascends into Heaven forty days after His resurrection, completing His earthly ministry (Acts 1:1–11 KJV).
Chronological Significance ...
> This Passover completes the four‑Passover structure recorded in the gospel of John (29, 30, 31, 32 AD).
> The Wednesday crucifixion (not Monday)* aligns with the literal fulfillment of “three days and three nights” (Matthew 12:40 KJV).
> The events of John 12–19 KJV occur in the final week leading to Passover, confirming the 32 AD placement.
> This year harmonizes with the astronomical full moon of Nisan 14 in 32 AD and the prophetic timeline of Daniel 9 KJV.
* More on 32 AD and how the dates/days of the week are likely incorrect will be addressed later.
See Special Note #4.*
⭐ 70 AD — Destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple
Scripture: Matthew 24:1–2 KJV; Luke 19:41–44 KJV; Luke 21:20–24 KJV
Timing: Summer 70 AD
Overview: Titus, son of Emperor Vespasian, besieges Jerusalem during the First Jewish–Roman War. After months of famine and internal conflict within the city, the Romans breach the walls, burn the Temple, and dismantle it completely.
Key Events ...
Roman Siege: Titus surrounds Jerusalem, fulfilling Jesus’ prophecy that the city would be compassed with armies (Luke 21:20 KJV).
Famine and Turmoil: Severe famine devastates the inhabitants as internal factions fight within the city.
Temple Destroyed: The Second Temple is burned and torn down, fulfilling Jesus’ words that “there shall not be left here one stone upon another” (Matthew 24:2 KJV).
City Falls: Jerusalem is captured, its walls destroyed, and survivors are killed, enslaved, or scattered among the nations (Luke 21:24 KJV).
Chronological Significance ...
> Marks the end of the 40‑year period following Jesus’ ministry (30–70 AD).
> Fulfills the 40 years of Temple woes (Talmud, Tractate Yoma 39b).
Here are the four signs (summarized, not quoted verbatim):
The Yom Kippur lot for the Lord stopped appearing in the right hand
The scarlet thread stopped turning white
The western lamp of the Menorah would not stay lit
The Temple doors opened by themselves
All four are explicitly said to have begun “forty years before the Temple was destroyed.”
> Fulfills multiple other biblical prophecies concerning judgment on Jerusalem, the Temple, and Israel.
> Begins the long dispersion of the Jewish people among the nations.
> It ties back in to the day of His birth, 10 Tevet, 1 BC (see Note there).
> 70 years (Jesus' should have lived to this age at least) fulfilling Isaiah 23:15 KJV
⭐ 73 AD — Fall of Masada
Scripture: (Historical event; no direct NT passage)
Timing: Spring 73 AD
Overview: The final stronghold of Jewish resistance during the First Jewish–Roman War falls to the Romans. The defenders at Masada, led by Eleazar ben Yair of the Sicarii, choose mass death over capture.
Key Events ...
Roman Siege: The Tenth Legion builds a massive siege ramp against the fortress of Masada.
Final Stand: The defenders, realizing the Romans will breach the walls, decide upon collective death rather than enslavement.
Masada Falls: The Romans enter the fortress to find it silent, ending the last resistance of the war.
Chronological Significance ...
> Marks the final end of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 AD).
> Occurs three years after the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple (70 AD).
> Represents the last major event in the collapse of Jewish national sovereignty until modern times.
> Another 40-year (inclusive) significant event from 32/33 AD - 73 AD.
Special Notes ...
⭐ Special Note #1 — Connected to 1 AD
Topic: Modern Jewish Calendar vs. the 1st‑Century Observational Calendar
The modern Jewish calendar (the fixed Hillel II system, established around 359 AD) did not exist in Jesus’ time. It uses preset mathematical cycles, fixed molad calculations, and postponement rules introduced centuries after the Second Temple period. Because of this, modern Hebrew dates—such as those generated by HebCal—are approximations when applied to ancient years.
In the 1st century, the Jewish calendar was observational, not pre‑calculated. However, the Torah does not specify a method for determining the start of a month. The widely known practice of crescent‑moon sighting comes from rabbinic tradition, not explicit Scripture. During the Second Temple period, the priestly court used:
• eyewitness reports of the new crescent moon (rabbinic tradition)
• weather‑dependent visibility
• priestly verification and declaration
• agricultural markers such as aviv barley to determine whether an extra month was needed
Because these factors varied from year to year, ancient festival dates could differ by 1–2 days from modern retrojected dates.
This matters for the 1 AD section because:
• modern dates (e.g., Passover Eve on March 26, 1 AD) serve as reference points, not exact reconstructions
• the actual 1st‑century observance could shift slightly
• this applies to all ancient Passover dates referenced throughout the timeline
Special Note #1 ensures readers understand why the timeline relies on astronomical and historical reconstruction, rather than the later fixed rabbinic calendar, when aligning events in Jesus’ early life.
⭐ Special Note #2 — Connected to 12 AD
Topic: Jewish Age‑of‑Accountability, Jesus’ Legal Standing, and the Four‑Day Pattern
In the Second Temple period, a Jewish boy was considered accountable when he entered his thirteenth year — meaning 12 years completed, now living in year 13. This is not based on the later bar‑mitzvah ceremony (a medieval formalization), but on earlier Jewish legal and cultural expectations reflected in Scripture and historical practice. Thus, when Luke 2:42 KJV states that Jesus was “twelve years old”, He had completed twelve years and was now in His thirteenth year, the age of personal covenant responsibility.
This explains why Jesus’ actions in the Temple are portrayed as legally meaningful:
• He speaks independently (“I must be about my Father’s business”).
• He engages the teachers with understanding and authority.
• He is treated as personally accountable, not merely as a child accompanying His parents.
The 1‑day travel + 3‑day search described in Luke 2:44–46 KJV forms a four‑day pattern:
• Day 1: The family travels a day’s journey from Jerusalem.
• Days 2–4: Three days searching until He is found in the Temple.
This four‑day structure creates a subtle topological echo of the four years of Jesus’ public ministry (29–32 AD), a pattern that recurs throughout the timeline.
Special Note #2 clarifies:
• the historical age‑of‑accountability (entering the 13th year)
• the distinction between biblical practice and later bar‑mitzvah tradition
• Jesus’ legal standing during the 12 AD Passover
• the narrative’s four‑day structure and its topological resonance
These details keep the 12 AD section clean while preserving the deeper historical and theological meaning.
⭐ Special Note #3 — Connected to 28 AD
Topic: Tiberius’ 15th Year, Jesus’ Baptism, Mikveh Context, the 40 Days, and the Early Ministry Framework
Luke 3:1 KJV anchors John the Baptist’s ministry to the 15th year of Tiberius Caesar. Roman historians record that Tiberius began his co‑regency with Augustus in 13 AD (Tacitus Annals 1.3; Suetonius Tiberius 21; Cassius Dio Roman History 55.13). Using inclusive Roman counting, the 15th year falls in 28 AD, placing Jesus’ baptism in the fall of 28 AD (in His 29th year), consistent with Luke 3:23 KJV (“about thirty”).
This dating aligns with standard academic Roman chronologies, which universally place the co‑regency in 13 AD, not earlier. It also preserves the structure of Jesus’ ministry:
• Baptism: Fall 28 AD
• First Passover: 29 AD
• Final Passover & Crucifixion: 32 AD
Baptism and the Jewish Mikveh
The "baptism" performed by John is rooted in the longstanding Jewish practice of mikveh—full‑body ritual immersion used for purification, repentance, consecration, and preparation for major spiritual transitions. Priests immersed before service; Israel immersed before covenantal encounters; brides and bridegrooms immersed before marriage. Jesus’ baptism fits this pattern:
• a consecration before public mission
• a covenantal preparation
• a symbolic Bridegroom immersion (cf. John 3:29 KJV)The 40 Days in the Wilderness
Immediately after His baptism, Jesus enters a 40‑day period of fasting and testing. This echoes several Jewish patterns:
• Moses’ three 40‑day periods
• Repentance cycles associated with Elul 1 → Tishrei 10 ("the King is in the field")
These parallels illuminate the narrative’s depth.Baptism ≠ Start of Public Ministry
The baptism is the anointing and declaration. Jesus’ public ministry begins at Passover 29 AD, not at the baptism.Sanhedrin Disgrace and the 28 AD Chabad Timeline Note
Chabad’s historical timeline notes a Sanhedrin relocation in 28 AD, possibly reflecting political instability. This fits the broader context of the late 20s AD. See 28 AD above for more.The Bridegroom Motif
Jesus’ baptism resonates with the Bridegroom theme woven throughout His teaching.
• Jesus as Bridegroom (John 3:29 KJV)
• Parables of the wedding feast
• Wise and foolish virgins
• Covenant imagery
Special Note #3 gathers the historical, cultural, and theological foundations for the 28 AD baptism, keeping the main timeline clean while preserving the depth and coherence of the chronology.
⭐ Special Note #4 — Connected to 32 AD
Topic: Why Passover Eve (Nisan 14) in 32 AD Was Wednesday, April 14 — Not Monday, April 12
Modern Jewish and Gregorian calendar converters list Monday, April 12, 32 AD as Nisan 14 (Passover Eve). However, these tools use the post‑Temple fixed Hillel II calendar, created in the 4th century AD. That system did not exist in Jesus’ day. It relies on calculated molad (mean new moon), fixed 19‑year cycles, and postponement rules—none of which were used in the Second Temple period. When this later system is retrojected backward into the 1st century, it produces dates that do not match the actual sky.
In the 1st century, the Jewish calendar was observational, not calculated. Nisan began when the first visible crescent was sighted and confirmed by witnesses before the Sanhedrin. No postponements existed, and weather could shift the start of the month by one or two days. Because Passover (Nisan 14) always fell on the full moon, the real date of Passover Eve must match the actual lunar phase—not the later fixed calendar.
Astronomical data (e.g., Stellarium) shows that in 32 AD, the full moon occurred on Wednesday, April 14, with 100% illumination at 7:28 PM Jerusalem time and moonrise at 18:42. This is the true Nisan 14. The sky itself confirms that Passover Eve in 32 AD fell on Wednesday, not Monday.
This Wednesday crucifixion date aligns perfectly with the Gospel chronology. Jesus dies on Nisan 14 (Wednesday afternoon) and is buried before sunset, beginning Nisan 15—the High Sabbath of Unleavened Bread. The sequence then unfolds cleanly:
• Night 1 / Day 1: Wed night–Thu day
• Night 2 / Day 2: Thu night–Fri day
• Night 3 / Day 3: Fri night–Sat day
Jesus rises AFTER the third night/day, before dawn on the first day of the week.
Astronomical full‑moon data for the surrounding ministry years confirms this pattern. Using actual lunar visibility (Julian dates from Stellarium):
• 29 AD: April 17 — full moon 99.3%
• 30 AD: April 6 — full moon 99.9%
• 31 AD: March 27 — full moon 99.9%
• 32 AD: April 14 — full moon 99.9%
By contrast, modern converters (using the fixed Hillel II system) give earlier dates that do not match the ancient observational method.
Special Note #4 clarifies why the correct Passover Eve in 32 AD is Wednesday, April 14, and why modern converters produce a different date. This distinction preserves the integrity of the 32 AD crucifixion chronology, the four‑Passover ministry structure, and the literal fulfillment of Jesus’ “three days and three nights.”
More ...
Why 32 AD (Not 33 AD) Fits the Gospel Chronology
The 32 AD crucifixion date preserves the four‑Passover structure in John, the Wednesday Nisan 14 timeline, and the literal “three days and three nights” prophecy. It also aligns with the astronomical full moon of April 14, 32 AD, which matches the ancient observational calendar rather than the later fixed Hillel II system. The 33 AD date breaks the Passover sequence, compresses the ministry, and does not fit the Wednesday crucifixion pattern. Thus, 32 AD is the only year that harmonizes Scripture, history, and astronomy.
Why 2026 AD (Not 2025 AD) Aligns with the 2,000‑Year Pattern
If Jesus was crucified in 32 AD, then 2,000 years later lands in 2032 AD. Counting backward seven years for the Tribulation places the start in 2025 AD, but Scripture’s patterns consistently use fall‑to‑fall cycles, not January‑to‑January. Because Jesus’ ministry began in the fall of 28 AD, the 2,000‑year ministry‑mirror pattern points to fall 2026 AD (although I am hopeful for a spring or early summer rapture, if this year) as the corresponding threshold, not 2025. This preserves the symmetry of the prophetic timeline and maintains consistency with the fall‑based biblical calendar.
~ * ~ * ~ * ~ * ~ * ~
I believe we're at or very near the year of the PRE-tribulation rapture. According to my biblical calculations (Genesis 5 KJV, Genesis 11 KJV, and elsewhere), we're coming up on the year 6001 AM from the fall (sins) of Adam & Eve (3975 BC = 7 AM), which begins in the spring, around mid-April, of 2026 AD (technically & biblically still 2025 AD until then). However, I acknowledge that it may be later in the fall of 2026 AD (if 33 AD was His crucifixion, et al, not 32 AD) still leaving a 7-year PRE-tribulation window. The math: 3975 AM + 2026 AD = 6001 years (inclusive). Time will tell I guess ... but ... keep looking up, our redemption draws nigh (near) ... and ... it's certainly nearer than when we first believed! Maranatha King Jesus/YeshuaH ;o}
The following sources, tools, and references support the historical, astronomical, and scriptural framework used throughout the timeline. They provide verification for dates, lunar phases, Roman chronology, Jewish calendar structure, and Second Temple historical context. Be sure to see the Special Notes section above as to getting correct astronomical (sun, moon, and stars) dates/years.
⭐ Links / Resources
Scripture (KJV) — each scripture reference (above) should be mouseover popout friendly ;o}
https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/
Astronomy & Calendar Tools
Stellarium https://stellarium.org/
NASA-JPL https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
HebCal https://www.hebcal.com/converter/
Historical Sources
Tacitus Annals 1.3 — Annals
https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Tac.+Ann.+1.3
Suetonius Tiberius 21 — The Twelve Caesars
https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Suet.+Tib.+21
Cassius Dio Roman History 55.13 — Roman History
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Cassius_Dio/55*.html#13
Talmud, Tractate Yoma 39b
https://www.sefaria.org/Yoma.39b
Jewish Age‑of‑Accountability (before bar mitzveh established)
This is not a single text but a body of rabbinic commentary. The best concise, authoritative explanation is here:
Chabad — “When Does a Child Become Obligated in the Mitzvot?”
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/900824/jewish/When-Does-a-Child-Become-Obligated-in-the-Mitzvot.htm
(This explains the ancient age‑of‑accountability concept and clarifies that bar mitzvah as a ceremony is medieval.)
Chabad — "Timeline of Jewish History"
https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/3915966/jewish/Timeline-of-Jewish-History.htm
Awassi sheep
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN) — Breed description:
https://www.fao.org/sheep-and-goat-breeds/en/awassi
Wikipedia (for general overview):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awassi_sheep
Other resources I recommend (Gregorian/Julian/Jewish)
(note that these converters have the same issues as mentioned above - they do not tell you dates based on the actual sky moon phase for correct dates ... you will have to go to Stellarium or some other such program for date accuracy).
Abdicate — Calendar Stats & Converter
https://abdicate.net/cal.aspx
Steve Morse — Jewish Calendar Conversions in One Step
https://stevemorse.org/jcal/jcal.html
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02/10/26 — Compiled with the help of Artificial Intelligences (AIs) - with my own verification to the best of my ability & knowledge:
Copilot (by Microsoft) https://copilot.microsoft.com/
ChatGPT (by OpenAI) https://chatgpt.com/
Grok (by xAI) https://grok.com/
